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San Francisco
San Francisco, [English sænfrən s ɪ skə ʊ ], popular abbreviation Frisco [ fr ɪ skə ʊ ], city in California, USA, south of the driveway (Golden Gate) in the San Francisco Bay, extends to 120 km 2 area at the northern end of the hilly peninsula (up to 283 m above sea level) between the Pacific and San Francisco Bay;(2010) 805,000 residents (1950: 775,400, 2000: 776,000 residents), of which (2010) 48.1% white, 33.3% Asian and 6.1% black; 15.1% are Hispanic. Individual population groups are concentrated in certain residential areas (including Chinatown, Japan Town, the Italian district of North Beach). The metropolitan area of San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont has (2010) 4.34 million residents. The city is the seat of a Catholic Archbishop, an Anglican and a Methodist Bishop. In addition to the four universities (University of San Francisco of the Jesuits, founded in 1855; Branch of the University of California, established in 1873; San Francisco State University, founded in 1899; Golden Gate University, Palo Alto, Berkeley). As a cultural center, San Francisco has museums, an opera house, a symphony orchestra, a zoological garden and a Japanese tea garden.
San Francisco is an important financial center (until 1998 the seat of Bank America Corp.) and trading center on the west coast of the USA and has a lively tourism industry (one of the attractions is the Fisherman’s Wharf, also the former prison island of Alcatraz). A large part of the workforce works in the service sector. The industry includes v. a. Food manufacturing, printing and publishing. Several of the 100 largest American companies are based in the region (Hewlett-Packard Company, McKesson Corp., Wells Fargo & Co., Intel Corp., Cisco Systems Inc.), and Silicon Valley is south of San Francisco Bay. The San Francisco Bay as a good natural harbor and the favorable traffic situation (connection to several transcontinental railroad lines) have made San Francisco one of the most important Pacific ports. The main airport is south of the city limits on San Francisco Bay. The cable car, a cable-drawn tram, which has been in use in city traffic since 1873, overcomes gradients of up to 21%. With the opposite cities of Oakland and Berkeley, San Francisco is connected by the BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit, with underwater tunnels). The Golden Gate Bridge and the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge are very busy with car traffic, and ferries are also in operation. – Frequent earthquakes, particularly violent on April 18, 1906 and October 17, 1989, depend with displacements on the one running through the San Francisco peninsula San Andreas Fault together.
Cityscape
Despite the hilly terrain, the road network is laid out at right angles (Spanish checkerboard scheme). Of the houses built in the style of European styles (Spanish mission style, neoclassicism, Victorian style, etc.), only a part survived the earthquake and fire disaster of 1906, such as a number of Victorian wooden houses with wood-decorated, partly painted fronts (listed).
From the mission station San Francisco de Asís (called Mission Dolores) the church has been preserved from 1782–91. During the reconstruction of the city, architectural masterpieces were created, including the City Hall (1912–15) as the center of the Civic Center, the dome of which is modeled on St. Peter’s Church in Rome. The UN was founded in 1945 in the War Memorial Opera House (1932). The San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge and the Golden Gate Bridge (Golden Gate) are among the most important steel bridges on earth (completed in 1936 and 1937, respectively). Buddha’s Universal Church (1953–60) in Chinatown is the largest Buddhist temple in the United States. Numerous buildings of contemporary architecture include house number 40, Maiden Lane (1948, F. L. Wright), the miter-shaped structure of Saint Mary’s Cathedral (1971, P. L. Nervi et al.), the building of Bank America Corp. (1969), the 260 m high Transamerica Pyramid (1968–72, William Leonard Pereira [* 1909, † 1985]), the Hyatt Regency Hotel and the Embarcadero Center (both 1974, J. C. Portman jr.), The Louise M. Davis Symphony Hall (opened in 1980), one of the largest concert halls in the USA, the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts (opened in 1993, F. Maki) and the second building of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (1989–95, M. Botta).
Other important museums: California Palace of the Legion of Honor (opened in 1924; mainly works of French art), MH de Young Memorial Museum (collection of paintings, supplemented in 1979 by the John D. Rockefeller Collection of American Art; 1999-2005 an extension according to plans by Herzog & de Meuron); Asian Art Museum (opened in 1966; collection mainly of East Asian art; today in the building of the former Main Library, redesigned by Gae Aulenti in 1997–2003). New museum buildings (including Contemporary Jewish Museum, opened by D. Libeskind, 2008) are intended to expand the cultural location of San Francisco in the Yerba Buena Cultural District.
History
In 1776 the Spaniards built a fortified mission station (San Francisco de Asís), and the Yerba Buena settlement was built on the coast from 1835, renamed San Francisco in 1848. After the takeover by the USA (1848), a rapid upswing began in the wake of the Californian gold discoveries. Connected to the east of the USA through the construction of the Union Pacific Railway (from 1869) and in lively trade with East Asia, San Francisco soon became the metropolis of the American west.
At the conference in San Francisco (April 25-26, 1945), 50 states passed the UN Charter, which came into force on October 24, 1945. – In the San Francisco Peace Treaty,concluded between Japan and most of its opponents in World War II on September 8, 1951, Japan recognized the independence of Korea, renounced Formosa (now Taiwan), the Pescadores, the Kuril Islands and southern Sakhalin, as well as the rights granted to it the mandate areas of the League of Nations had grown. In addition, Japan pledged to resolve international disputes only peacefully; his former opponents of the war assured him the right to self-defense. In legal and political connection with the peace treaty, Japan concluded a security treaty with the USA on the same day and place in the face of the East-West conflict, which had reached a climax with the Korean War(especially the stationing of American forces in Japan). Referring to the joint, the USSR and its allies did not sign the peace treaty.
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Rankings | Sociology Programs |
1 | University of California–Berkeley Department of Sociology Address: 410 Barrows Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1980 Phone: (510) 642-4766 Email: [email protected] Website: http://sociology.berkeley.edu/index.php?page=gradwelcome |
2 | Stanford University Department of Sociology Address: 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305-2047 Phone: (650) 724-2437 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.stanford.edu/dept/soc/ |
3 | University of California–Los Angeles Department of Sociology Address: 264 Haines Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Phone: (310) 825-1313 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/soc/ |
4 | University of California–Irvine Department of Sociology Address: 3151 Social Science Plaza , Irvine, CA 92697-5100 Phone: (949) 824-7352 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.socsci.uci.edu/sociology/html/grad.html |
5 | University of California–Santa Barbara Department of Sociology Address: 2834 Ellison Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9430 Phone: (805) 893-3328 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/grad_index.htm |
6 | University of California–Davis Department of Sociology Address: 1282 Social Sciences and Humanities Building, Davis, CA 95616 Phone: (530) 752-4147 Email: [email protected] Website: http://sociology.ucdavis.edu/graduate-program |
7 | University of California–San Diego Department of Sociology Address: 401 Social Science Building, La Jolla, CA 92093 Phone: (858) 534-4626 Website: http://sociology.ucsd.edu/graduate/graduate.htm |
8 | University of Southern California Department of Sociology Address: 3620 S. Vermont Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2539 Phone: (213) 740-3606 Email: [email protected] Website: http://college.usc.edu/soci/about/graduate.cfm |
9 | University of California–Riverside Sociology Department Address: 1206 Watkins Hall , Riverside, CA 92521 Phone: (951) 827-5445 Email: [email protected] Website: http://sociology.ucr.edu/academic/graduate.html |
10 | University of California–Santa Cruz Sociology Department Address: College 8, 226, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 Phone: (831) 459-4888 Email: [email protected] Website: http://sociology.ucsc.edu/graduate/ |
11 | University of California–San Francisco Social and Behavioral Sciences Address: 3333 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94143-0612 Phone: (415) 476-3047 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.ucsf.edu/medsoc/ |
12 | Fielding Graduate University School of Human and Organization Development Address: 2112 Santa Barbara Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 Phone: (805) 687-1099 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.fielding.edu/schoolhod/index.htm |