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Humanistic Psychology
Humanistic psychology is a common term for directions in psychology that since ca. 1960 has been launched as alternatives to the more traditional, science- oriented “academic” psychology. Humanistic psychology emphasizes the understanding of the individual on its own terms, and is critical of research that attempts to explain human behavior on the basis of animal experiments and artificially designed laboratory experiments.
In contrast to both behavioral and psychoanalytic psychology, humanistic psychology gives the person’s own experiences, choices and values a central place. Humanistic psychology is inspired by existentialist and phenomenological psychology, but has avoided attaching itself to a particular philosophical view or methodology. An early precursor is the humanistic psychology of Wilhelm Dilthey ‘s “Understanding Psychology”. Humanistic psychology is akin to the views of personality psychologists who have emphasized man’s capacity for self-determination and unity and coherence of personality (William Stern,Kurt Goldstein, Gordon Allport, Erich Fromm and Viktor Frankl).
Of more direct importance to the formation of humanistic psychology as its own direction are the American psychologists Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. In particular, the latter is often referred to as the spiritual father of the direction, partly because of his contributions to personality and motivational psychology (not least by emphasizing “self-actualization” as his own motivational factor), and partly by taking the initiative to form the American Association of Humanistic Psychology. in 1960. In 1961 a separate journal for humanistic psychology was started, and in 1970 an international association of humanistic psychologists was established.
Humanistic psychology has been particularly prominent in the field of personality and clinical psychology, but has also contributed as a corrective to psychological research and theory formation in other areas. Humanistic psychology has often been criticized for unclear concepts and theories, and for inadequate research methods. Criticism also reflects the humanistic movement got its name linked to controversial forms of experience-oriented group therapy (“encounter groups”, Gestalt therapy), and has provided a foothold for various fashion embossed currents from “counterculture.”
| Rankings | Psychology Programs | Departments and Schools |
| 1 | University of Iowa Address: E11 Seashore Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242-1407 Phone: (319) 335-2447 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.psychology.uiowa.edu/grad.html |
Department of Psychology |
| 2 | Iowa State University Address: W112 Lagomarcino Hall, Ames, IA 50011-3180 Phone: (515) 294-1743 E-mail: [email protected] Website: https://www.psychology.iastate.edu/index.php?id=7 |
Department of Psychology |
| 3 | Maharishi University of Management Address: 1000 N. Fourth Street, Fairfield, IA 52557 Phone: (800) 369-6480 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.mum.edu/cmvs/phd/ |
Department of Science and Technology of Consciousness |
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