Top History Schools in California

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Los Angeles

Los Angeles [l ɔ s εnd ʒ ələs, English l ɔ s Rev. ʒ əl ɪ z], colloquial short form: L. A. [el e ɪ ], city in California, USA, covers an area of 1,214 km ² in the coastal plain between the San Gabriel Mountains and the Pacific, (2017) 4.0 million residents (1900: 102,500, 1950: 1.97 million, 2000: 3.7 million residents).

The share of whites in the population in 2017 was 52.4%, blacks 9.0% and Asians 11.6% (other or unknown 27%); the Hispanics made up 48.6% of the population. The metropolitan area of ​​Los Angeles, to which inter alia. Long Beach, Anaheim, Santa Ana, Pasadena, Santa Monica, Beverly Hills and Malibu, with a population of 13.4 million, is the second largest metropolitan area in the United States after the metropolitan area of ​​New York.

A large part of the development consists of detached single-family houses; The Santa Monica Mountains, which run parallel to the coast (up to 598 m above sea level), extend into the northwestern urban area. Los Angeles is located in an earthquake-prone zone (San Andreas Fault), in 1994 an earthquake occurred with an epicenter in the city area, magnitude 6.7 on the Richter scale, 57 dead and 1,500 injured. The rapid growth of Los Angeles was favored by the climate (325 days of sunshine per year) and the fertile land in the area.

Cultural institutions

Los Angeles is the seat of a Catholic Archbishop as well as an Anglican and a Methodist Bishop. The facilities of education, science and culture include: Locations of the University of California (UCLA) and California State University, University of Southern California (founded 1879), West Coast University (founded 1909), Loyola Marymount University (founded 1914), Northrop University (founded 1942), colleges, libraries, art museums (especially J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Museum of Contemporary Art, Robert Gore Rifkind Center for German Expressionism), Museum of the Holocaust in Simon Wiesenthal Center, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, California Museum of Science and Industry, California Aerospace Museum (architect F. O. Gehry, 1982–84), Griffith Observatory and Planetarium, Zoological Garden; many theaters, Walt Disney Concert Hall (Los Angeles Philharmonic). On June 19 In 2018, the German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier opened the Thomas Mann House in the western Pacific Palisades district, the 1942-52 residential building of the Nobel Prize Laureate Thomas Mann.

Economy

The population growth after 1900 is mainly due to industrialization, which was caused by the discovery of oil (1892), the film industry (since 1909; Hollywood) and the port expansion was funded. Later came the automotive and aircraft industries (Lockheed, Douglas, Northrop and others), as well as the chemical industry, mechanical engineering, food, furniture, clothing industry and others. added. A major structural change took place from the 1970s onwards; armaments and space travel make Los Angeles the largest concentration of high technology industries, especially microelectronics, and aerospace industries. Associated with this is an increase in high-level business-oriented services. Los Angeles is the most important financial center on the west coast of the USA and the seat of international companies (Northrop Grumman Corp. and others).

The city is the starting point of three transcontinental railroad lines and several highways. Major shipping companies connect the city to all other ports in the United States and overseas. The port of Los Angeles (throughput 2016: 56.8 million t) is directly adjacent to the port of Long Beach (70.6 million t) and is the largest container port in the USA. Los Angeles has three major airports. The network of intersection-free expressways (freeways; since 1940) is important for inner-city traffic. Los Angeles has one of the highest vehicle densities on earth (often smog); since 1991 metro consisting of a combination of subway and above-ground »light rail«, length 2017: 158.5 km. – Los Angeles hosted the Summer Olympics in 1932 and 1984.

Cityscape

The cityscape of Los Angeles is shaped by its adaptation to the topographical conditions and its enormous expansion. The most architecturally significant buildings include: Bradbury Building (1893, George Herbert Wyman); Los Angeles Public Library (1926, Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue); Bell Av. Elementary School (1935), Channel Heights Housing (1943), Community Church (1961, all by R. J. Neutra); Civic Center (1960, 1968, by P. Johnson and John Burgee); Los Angeles Bonaventura Hotel (1976, J. Portman); Loyola Law School (1981-83, F. O. Gehry); Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA; 1981–86, A. Isozaki) as well as numerous houses v. a. by F. L. Wright and his son Lloyd, R. M. Schindler, the brothers Charles Sumner Greene and Henry Arthur, and by Neutra and Gehry. In 1996 the Skirball Museum (designed by the Israeli architect Moshe Safdie), which is dedicated to Jewish history in America, opened, one of the largest of its kind in the world. The new Getty Center of is located on a ridge on the southern edge of the Santa Monica Mountains R. Meier (opened in 1997). The new Catholic cathedral was built in 1998-2002 according to the design of the Spanish architect Rafael Moneo built.

History

Los Angeles, founded in 1781 as a Spanish mission settlement, was temporarily the capital of Upper California. During the Mexican War (1846–48) it was occupied by US soldiers on August 13, 1846. In 1848 gold was found at the foot of the Sierra Nevada; In 1850 Los Angeles became City. With the opening of the Southern Pacific Railroad (1876) from San Francisco and the Santa Fe Railroad (1885) from Chicago via Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona to Los Angeles, the city began to grow rapidly.

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