According to ehotelat, India has found itself to be one of the world leaders of globalization thanks to its particular position, which allows it to seize the competitive advantages offered by the best opportunities of an economy based on knowledge. First of all, India enjoys a strong demographic advantage. The World Bank predicts that in 2050 the Indian population will surpass that of China, but with respect to this it will retain a strong percentage prevalence of the youth population: currently 54% of the 1100 million residents are made up of people under 25 years of age. The country also has a consolidated scientific and technical infrastructure of higher education, consisting of over 350 universities, 1,500 primary research institutes and more than 10,000 higher education institutes, which each year qualify 415,000 engineers and 300,000 graduates specializing in other disciplines. In addition, more than 1200 already operate business schools specialized in various management disciplines, which cover all the spectra of corporate organizational activities with degree and post-graduate courses. Furthermore, the India it can also make use of a wide availability of English-speaking labor composed of specialized personnel, with obvious advantages for European entrepreneurs in general and Anglo-Saxon in particular. Today the India It is the world’s largest exporter of services related to information technology (Information Technology, IT ) and the strong development of software, hardware and peripherals, information technology and related services, fixed and mobile telecommunications, telematics and value-added services in the web environment and does not contribute to making the India one of the most technologically developed countries in the world. This broad area of IT has also influenced and correlated other innovative fields of corporate and institutional collaboration in Research and Development (R&D): biotechnology; pharmaceutical; science and technology; innovation and industrial automation; nuclear energy for agricultural, medical, biotechnological, electronic and metallurgical applications; sensing, in-orbit transport and communication satellites. In recent years, hundreds of multinational companies have set up their R&D centers in India: in Bangalore, General electric has opened the largest technology center outside the US. Microsoft has already done the same in the state of Andhra Pradesh and numerous other companies including Bell labs, Cummins, DuPont, Daimler Chrysler, Eli Lilly, General motors, Hewlett-Packard, Intel, Honeywell, Qualcomm, Whirlpool, the Italian- French STMicroelectronics. The growth of the settlements of US, European and even Asian companies has also contributed to driving all fields of the traditional and innovative real estate sectors thanks to the exponential multiplication of hundreds of SEZs (Eli Lilly, General motors, Hewlett-Packard, Intel, Honeywell, Qualcomm, Whirlpool, the Italian-French STMicroelectronics. The growth of the settlements of US, European and even Asian companies has also contributed to driving all fields of the traditional and innovative real estate sectors thanks to the exponential multiplication of hundreds of SEZs (Eli Lilly, General motors, Hewlett-Packard, Intel, Honeywell, Qualcomm, Whirlpool, the Italian-French STMicroelectronics. The growth of the settlements of US, European and even Asian companies has also contributed to driving all fields of the traditional and innovative real estate sectors thanks to the exponential multiplication of hundreds of SEZs (Special economic zones), industrial parks, technology parks, software and information technology development parks, biotechnology and nanotechnology parks, parks and space centers. For these reasons, the India figures as one of the most attractive destinations in the world among all developing and emerging global competitors, and it is estimated that between 50 and 75% of the top 500 multinational companies in the world surveyed by Fortune magazine benefit from services in outsourcing provided by Indian companies based in India or with branches or branches in the USA.
Open problems for the Indian economy. – Despite the progress made in a few years, the road to balance and economic consolidation of the India is still long and necessarily involves the development of basic infrastructures (roads, ports, energy), access to health and education for large sections of the population that are excluded from it, the reduction of corruption and the improvement of the bureaucratic system. The acceleration of growth has allowed the emergence of a new middle class (estimated at around 300 million) characterized by income levels such as to allow ever greater access to consumer goods and the affirmation of an increasing number of people with large Financial resources (individuals with assets exceeding one million dollars excluding their main residence were 123,000 in 2012), but not a significant reduction in the number of people living below the poverty line, estimated at around 37% of the population. Finally, some aspects linked to the same mechanisms that have guided the new phase of development of the knowledge economy contribute to throwing uncertainties about the sustainability in the medium to long term of rapid growth such as that recorded in the last decade. The growth of innovative services has in fact offered important job opportunities, often highly qualified, but only to a small share of the population (the direct and indirect employment created by the Indian IT sector is estimated at just under 4.5 million employees) but it is not able, on its own, to generate different and better employment opportunities for the growing mass of the more than 500 million Indians for whom the progressive exodus from the countryside or the progressive marginalization in the informal sectors of the economy is foreseen.
